Friday, February 3, 2017

Unit 1. ICT


UNIT 1.  COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY.
Telecommunication terms
 
Lesson 1.LISTENING   (U1)

Task 1.What is the listening process? Listening process starts out with:
Receiving the words while you listen.                       
Understanding what you have received.                   
Remembering what was said.                        
Evaluating what you learn.                                        
Responding to what you heard.
                                   
Task 2. Match the words with the definitions.
1.keyboard      a. __a device that reads images and sends them to a computer
2.mouse           b. __a device that displays images
3.scanner         c. __a device that enters information into a computer
4.microphone   d. __a device that gathers sounds
5.monitor         e. __a device that is used to control a pointer or cursor

Task 4. Listen again and check each item that the employee suggests.
1.___monitor                     4. ___mouse
2.___touch screen             5. ___printer
3.___keyboard                  6. ___scanner

Task 5.Match the words with the definitions.
1.MHz                  a. _where data that doesn’t fit in the RAM is stored
2.SIMM               b. _the main circuit board in a computer
3.motherboard      c. _a unit of measurement that measures the speed of a CPU
4.DIMM               d. _a data storage method that stores data on the hard drive
5.virtual memory e. _the smallest unit of computer data
6.aging file           f. _a memory module that sends up to 32 bits of data to a CPU
7.bit                      g. _a memory module that sends up to 64 bits of data to a CPU

Task 7. Listen again and mark the statements as true (T) or false (F).
1.The customer’s CPU is too slow to run the program.                             ___
2.The employee advises the customer to buy more RAM.                        ___
3.Increasing the virtual memory will increase the paging file size.            ___

Lesson 2.SPEAKING (U1)

Task 1. Speaking topic I
Can you tell me your name, please?
What nationality are you?
What part of your country are you from?
Tell me about your region.

1) Now lets talk about computers and the Internet.
How often do you use a computer? What for?
Do you lke using the Internet? Why/Why not?
How did you learn to use a computer?
Do you think it is important to know how to use a computer? Why/why not?
How do employees use computers in their workplace?
Answers:
1.Only about twice a week. / or All the time.....
2.Not much compared with some people.
3.That’s always for using email. I hardly ever use it for websites and stuff.
4.....for things like writing work reports, or checking my mail.
5......because I haven’t got one myself. I have to use the ones at college.

2) Let’s speak on topic:
Describe a typical day at work, school or college.
You should say:
            What you do;
            When you do it;
            How long you have had this routine.
Explain what you would like to change in your work or study routine.
Answers:
1.Well, my busiest time is usually in the mornings, because that’s when I ...... .
2.If I could change my schedule, I think I’d like to have more time for ...... .
3.I suppose my routine’s been pretty much the same for the last..... .
4.I’d better start by telling you that I’m currently ....... .

Task 2. Match 2 parts to complete the definitionsto understand about computing.
1.      Computing is any goal-oriented activity requiring, benefiting from, or creating a mathematical sequence of steps known ... .
2.      Computing includes ... .
3.      A computer network, often simply referred to as a network, is a collection of hardware components and computers ... .
4.      The field of computing includes ... .
a.__ interconnected by communication channels that allow sharing of     resources and information.
b.__ computer engineering, software engineering, computer science,
        information systems, and information technology.
c.__ as an algorithm — e.g. through computers.
d.__ designing, developing and building hardware and software systems;
        processing, structuring, and managing various kinds of information;
        doing scientific research on and with computers.

Task 3. Translate the following wordsto make the sentences on the topic “ICT”


Access               . . . . . . . . . . .
Area                   . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcast          . . . . . . . . . . .
Building             . . . . . . . . . . .
Business             . . . . . . . . . . .
Career                . . . . . . . . . . .
Challenge           . . . . . . . . . . .
Change              . . . . . . . . . . .
Choose               . . . . . . . . . . .
Consume            . . . . . . . . . . .
Continue            . . . . . . . . . . .  
Contribute         . . . . . . . . . . .
Country             . . . . . . . . . . .
Cover                 . . . . . . . . . . .
Creation             . . . . . . . . . . .
Critical               . . . . . . . . . . .  
Depend              . . . . . . . . . . .
Design               . . . . . . . . . . .
Different            . . . . . . . . . . .
Digital                . . . . . . . . . . .
Economy           . . . . . . . . . . .
Engage               . . . . . . . . . . .
Engineering       . . . . . . . . . . .
Export                . . . . . . . . . . .
Firm                   . . . . . . . . . . .
Future                . . . . . . . . . . .
Global                . . . . . . . . . . .
Globe                 . . . . . . . . . . .
Hold                  . . . . . . . . . . .
Huge               . . . . . . . . . . .
Industry                  . . . . . . . . . . .
Information                        . . . . . . . . . . .
Involve                   . . . . . . . . . . .
Knowledge             . . . . . . . . . . .
Level                      . . . . . . . . . . .
Lifestyle                 . . . . . . . . . . .
Location                 . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing        . . . . . . . . . . .
Nation                    . . . . . . . . . . .
Operation               . . . . . . . . . . .  
People                     . . . . . . . . . . .
Position                  . . . . . . . . . . .
Produce                  . . . . . . . . . . .
Qualified                . . . . . . . . . . .
Recognise               . . . . . . . . . . .
Requirement           . . . . . . . . . . .
Rocket                    . . . . . . . . . . .
Science                   . . . . . . . . . . .
Sector                     . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductor       . . . . . . . . . . .  
Significant              . . . . . . . . . . .
Stage                      . . . . . . . . . . .
Strategy                  . . . . . . . . . . .  
Successful              . . . . . . . . . . .
Support                   . . . . . . . . . . .
Technical                . . . . . . . . . . .
Technology             . . . . . . . . . . .
Web site                 . . . . . . . . . . .
Work                      . . . . . . . . . . .
World                     . . . . . . . . . . .


Task 4.Identify what parts of speech the above-listed words are , tell the noun; adjective and verb forms. (success – successful- succeed)

Task 5.Watch the video twice. Take notes for retelling later in your own words.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hNi1bMcNuuYS

Task 6. Answer the questions.
1. What does ICT cover?
2. How does ICT impact country’s economy?
3. How does ICT change people’s lifestyle?
4. What careers can you choose? Why?
5. How is ICT developed in your country?
6. What ICT companies of your country can you name?

Task 7. Retell in your own words the content of the video which is connected with your future profession in Mongolian ICT field.
 
Lesson 3. READING  (U1)

Task 1. Before you read the newspaper column, talk about these questions.
            -How can installing new software be difficult?
            -How can a business benefit from online services?

Task 2. Read the newspaper column about technology
 What does it mean ? “Cloud computing”. By Allison Rule.
 Cloud computing provides many businesses with affordable and customizable services. Yet many avoid this technological resource because they don’t understand it. This week’s column should explain the concept.
Cloud computing is a lot like utility computing. However, cloud computing focuses on using the Internet for software and other resources.
Cloud computing offers more elasticity and scalability than normal computing. Businesses have acces to many resources from both the private and public clouds. Computers can easily switch to a new OS with PaaS (platform as a service). They can also switch to a new server with IaaS (Infrastructure as a service).
Businesses benefit from the pay as you go pricing of cloud computing. And SaaS (software as a service), the deployment of new software is almost automatic. It eliminates the need to buy software and install it on every single computer. Furthermore, businesses can monitor their usage and cancel services anytime.
Installing a CDN (content delivery network) is a local form of cloud computing that will increase bandwidth. A CDN designates computers on a network for storage. Instead of all computers clogging one server to retrieve data, each user accesses data on a nearby CDN storage computer.
With cloud computing, businesses get inexpensive solutions to their individual needs.

Task 3. Choose the correct answers
1.What is the advice column about?
a. how to set up a CDN;                    
b. ways to deploy and cancel SaaS;
c. the benefits of cloud computing;   
d. differences between cloud and utility computing.
2. What is the benefit of SaaS?
a. It makes a CDN work faster.
b. It eliminates elasticity and scalability.
c. It increases a server’s available bandwidth. 
d. It reduces the time and money lost installing software.
3. What can you infer about the column?
a. Its author uses cloud computing.
b. It is only available online.
c. The last entry was on utility computing.
d. It helps people understand computer terms.

Task 4. Match the words (1-7) with the definitions (A-G)
            1.__public cloud                                 5.__PaaS
            2.__cloud computing                          6.__private cloud       
            3.__utility computing                          7.__IaaS
            4.__scalability
a. Internet services available for a fee;
b. Internet services available for everyone;
c. receiving server functions over the Internet;
d. receiving operating systems over the Internet;
e. use of the Internet for software and other services;
f. potential for a system to change size;
g. computing as a metered service.

Task 5.Fill in the blanks with the correct words.
cloud computing;    deployment;   SaaS;    pay as you go;   elasticity;  CDN;   

1. Thanks to . . . . . . . pricing, we’re only billed when we use it.
2. Set up a . . . . . . . to increase the available bandwidth.
3. Cloud computing increases the . . . . . . . of our computer systems.
4. Use  . . . . . . . to avoid installing new programs on each computer.
5. Cloud computing makes . . . . . . . of new software much easier.
     6. . . . . .  is a type of Internet-based computing that provides shared computer.

Task6.Discuss about these questions.
-What is ICT?
-What is Computing? How are computers used in telecommunications?

Task 7.Make the correct words to learn new vocabulary.
1.  w i c s h g i t n    = . . . . .               7.  t k o n w e r = . . . . . . . . .
      2.  n i u c f n t o  = . . . . . . . .              8.  s d n o i v i i =  . . . . . . . .
      3.  p v d o e i r  = . . . . . . . .                 9.  a t c p r h e             = . . . . . . . . .
4. c f i e l i a s m =. . . . . . . .                10. u i s s c d s =  . . . . . . . . .
      5. t a n n o i e t t   = . . . . . .                 11. e t f u a e r= . . . . . . . . .
      6. m h s e a i p s =  . . . . . . .                12. u t l l a e s I r t  = . . . . . .

Task 8.Match the columns choosing the right preposition
a) 1.divide ___                        a. with (a discussion)
2.look  ___                 b. with (a discussion)
3. end  ___                  c. ahead (years)
4. devote ___              d. into (parts)
      5.begin ___                 e. to (concepts)
b)   1. follow ___               a. into (a platform)
2. respond___             b. with (system)
3. evolve ___               c. to (demands)
4. compete___             d. together (blocks)
5. pull  ___                  e. on (switching)

Task 9.Read the brief summary and discuss about telecommunications terms.
example: Data is facts or information used usually to calculate, analyze, or plan something.

The summary of the book “The Irwin handbook of Telecommunications”
The book is divided into five parts, as were previous editions, correspondingto major divisions in telecommunications equipment. Chapter One is an introductionto voice and data. The remainder of Part One is devoted to concepts thatare common to the industry. In Part One, we discuss voice and data fundamentals,pulse code modulation, outside plant, structured wiring, access technologies,local area network principles, and the other building blocks of telecommunicationnetworks.
Part Two covers switching. The part begins with a discussion of signaling,including new protocols Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and ENUM, which arenew since the last edition, and hold considerable promise for the future. A chapteron the public switched telephone network follows, discussing how it works andthe quality requirements that IP must achieve to support voice. Two chapters followto explain in overview how local and toll switches and integrated servicesdigital network (ISDN) function. Circuit switching has been at the heart of thetelephone industry for more than a century and retains stability and service qualitythat packet technologies cannot yet provide. We devote a chapter to it. PartTwo ends with a discussion of softswitches, which are a new generation of IPswitches that serve advanced IP networks.
Part Three covers transmission equipment. Separate chapters discuss thefundamental technologies of fiber optics, microwave radio, satellite transmission,cellular and PCS radio systems, wireless, and video. Fiber lies at the heart of thetelecommunications infrastructure and is arguably the most important developmentin the industry’s history. It displaced long-haul microwave, but thattechnology is becoming more important than ever with an emphasis on communicationsmobility. Customer demand is fueling a host of new wireless servicesand protocols that operate in the microwave bands and are receiving a great dealof attention. Video is also becoming a vital Internet access service, and more.The new hybrid fiber-coaxial cable architecture enables cable to compete with theconventional telephone system.
Part Four discusses customer premise equipment. As with the public telephonenetwork, customer premise switching is evolving to IP. We begin this part with adiscussion of station equipment, followed by a chapter that discusses features thatcustomer premise switching equipment supports. Chapters follow on conventionaldigital switching and the newer IP switching. We next discuss automatic mediadistribution systems, which are evolving from the older automatic call distributionsystems. These respond to customer demands for contact alternatives besidesthe telephone. Other chapters discuss voice processing, electronic messaging, andfacsimile.
Part Five pulls together the building blocks we have discussed in the earlierchapters into completed and functioning telecommunications networks. This partillustrates the tremendous variety of alternatives that are available and discusseshow and where they are applied. We begin this part with the discussion of enterprisenetworks, which is a blanket term covering the networks organizations useto link the enterprise. Following that, other chapters cover metropolitan area networks,wide area data networks, frame relay, asynchronous transfer mode, and IPdata networks. The IP chapter discusses multi-protocol label switching (MPLS),which is evolving into a platform for handling multimedia applications over IPnetworks. We discuss testing and network management systems and how they areevolving to enable humans to cope with the increasing complexity of modern networks.The final chapter in the book looks ahead a few years with a view of wheretelecommunications technology is headed.

Task 10.Match the columns to make correct collocations. Translate into Mongolian and explain using their definition and glossary.
        a) 1.fiber  / fibre ___                   a. systems
2.metropolitan ___                  b. optics
3. PCS radio    ___                  c. area networks
4. fiber-coaxial ___                 d. transmission
5. satellite ___                         e. cable architecture
b) 1.enterprise___                   a. data network
2. frame ___                            b. network
3. IP    ___                              c. transfer mode
4. microwave   ___                  d. relay
5. asynchronous ___               e. radio
        c) 1.telephone      ___                  a. services
2.new wireless ___                  b. processing
3.voice ___                              c. industry
4.automatic call ___                d. microwave
5.long-haul      ___                  e. distribution system

Task 11.Now let’s work on sentences.Make the correct sentences unscramblingthe phrases and translate them.
1.IP / new / Softswitches / advanced / a / generation / are / of / switches / that / networks./ IP /    . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. The / conventional / system. / hybrid / cable / enables / to / compete with /  the / telephone / architecture / new /  cable / fiber-coaxial /   . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. systems / telephone. / Automatic / distribution / respond / to / demands / alternatives / contact /  besides the / call / for / customer /  . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. Customer / is fueling / demand  / a host of / and / that / protocols / operate / in the/ bands / microwave / and / are receiving //attention. / a great deal of / wireless / new / services /  . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. Fiber / in the industry’s history./ lies at the heart of / and / is arguably the most important development / the telecommunications infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. respond to / These / customer demands  / besides the telephone./ for contact alternatives  ....................
7. Computers / in corporate communications,/ videoconferencing and / play a big role/ facilitating email, fax, more. . . . . . . . . .

Task 12. Make sentences with the following verbs.
1.to cover -             . . . . . . . . . . . .             2.to begin with -          . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.to pull together - . . . . . . . . . . . .             4.to discuss -               . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.to end with -        . . . . . . . . . . . .             6.to look ahead -         . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lesson 4.WRITING  (U1)

The language of Change
X  increased / rose / grew from … to ...
Y  decreased / fell / dropped / declined from ... to…
There was a / an increase / rise / growth in X
There was a decrease / fall / drop / decline in Y
X peaked at / reached a peak of...
Y levelled off at...
Z fluctuated between...
X remained constant at...
X rose gradually to reach ... in 2016
            steadily
            sharply
            dramatically
There was a gradual fall to ... in 2016
                     steady
                     sharp
                     dramatic
rising / soaring / falling / plummeting prices ...
X had doubled / halved by 2016
This trend continued / was reversed in ...

Task1. Complete the text using expressions from the box below. Use each word or phrase only once.
steady increase , declined, peaked, growth, fall, dramatically, dropped, soaring,       fluctuate

Changes in Urban Crime Rate
A few years ago people living in urban areas were very anxious about the 1………crime rates. These 2   ……  four years ago and the government then responded by recruiting more police officers. Subsequently, the 3……… in the number of officers on the streets has definitely helped to reverse the trend. Overall crime rates have steadily 4……over the past three years and the number of young offenders, in particular, has 5…….from17% of all city crime to only 7%. We all hope that this trend will continue and the rate will continue to 6          .............over the next year or two.But even if the figures 7……rather than stabilising ,  the huge 8…….of confidence in the police is likely to continue as a positive force in the community.

Task 2. Underline the language of change in each of the sentences below. Then decide if sentences a) and b) have parallel meanings, or different meanings.
1          a) Pesticide pollution has led to a gradual decline in the number of bird
species,
b) The number of bird species has plummeted because of pesticide pollution.
2          a) With rising personal incomes come rising expectations.
            b) People's expectations grow as their incomes increase.
3          a) The rural population has halved in the last twenty years.
b) The number of people living in the countryside has soared in recent decades.
4          a) Unemployment peaked in 1983.
b) In 1983 the unemployment rate was at its highest, but then started to decrease.
5          a) The level of sales tends to fluctuate on a seasonal basis.
            b) No matter what the season, sales figures usually remain quite constant.

Task 3.  Complete the text below using the correct forms of the words in brackets.
The need for hi-tech medical equipment
The market needs more hi-tech companies that can develop surface engineering to meet the new and 1…..................(grow) need for advanced surfaces for laboratory items such as glass slides. This technology is needed because of the 2..............(increase) high requirements of diagnostic testing in the fields of medicine and life sciences. The sensitivity of tests can be more than 3…..............(double) by treating the surface of a slide with new chemical coatings.Yet the 4…....................(grow) and development of this specialized industry has been slow. This gap in the market, however, could encourage greater research links between businesses and universities which 5..................…. (decline) in this field in recent years. By 6.....................… (increase) this kind of technical cooperation, medical diagnosis could be greatly improved.

Task 4. “Writing an essay: Essay structure.” Match the questions to the answers.
1.      What is an introduction?         a. sentences that follow the introduction, that are   
                                                    all related to a single topic
2.      What is the thesis statement?  b. the final paragraph and summarizes the
                                                    information discussed in body paragraphs and
                                                    paragraph’s controlling idea
3.      What are body paragraphs?    c. a sentence with a single controlling idea
                                                    which supports and develops that paragraph
4.      What are topic sentences?       d. the first paragraph and introduces
                                                    the main idea of your essay
5.      What is conclusion?                e. the main idea of the essay stated in a single
sentence

Task 5. The chart below shows the total number of minutes (in billions) of telephone calls in the UK, divided into 3 categories, from 1995-2002. Summarize the information. Write at least 150 words.
*Useful words and expressions:


- From the graph, we can clearly see that………………
- Following that, …….
- After that, ……………
- Then, ……………
- However, …………
- Surprisingly, …………..
- Next, ……………………
- Finally, ………………….
- In comparison, the highest jump was………

- ….recorded a fall of ….. in ……….






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