must.edu.mn 2

http://www.must.edu.mn/beta3/notice1439 - 2013.04.01  - english
http://www.must.edu.mn/beta3/notice1436 - 2013.04.03  - USA

Texts 5-6

Text 5. Satellite uplink upgrade

Satellite uplink upgrade – TNS operates a satellite uplink service that allows live or pre-recorded video to be uplinked to satellites and made available to anyone that has authorization and access to a downlink facility.  The most common uses for this service are athletic events that are broadcast from campus, Athletic Department coaches’ shows, new conferences and promotions, and interviews with campus experts for major broadcast and cable TV feeds. There is also a small amount of use by the public at large.

Much of the current equipment and technology is about 20 years old and is no longer supported by the manufacturers. Another significant issue, which surfaced sooner than expected, is the requirement by the broadcasters for football and basketball games for Dual Thread High Definition (HD) video for many games next season. To support this, we require a full upgrade of the entire system.

Since our funding model relies on this “game revenue” to break even, this has forced a technology and spending decision upon us.  TNS is investigating alternatives for supporting this service.

Video conferencing and streaming service expansion – TNS is engaged in enhancing video conferencing and video streaming services to satisfy a broadening customer base.  These services have been supported for several years within TNS, under a lesser defined model.  Relatively recent changes in technology and increased demand for these services on campus is cause for TNS to review our technical, operations, and support capabilities.


Text 6. Cathode-Ray Tubes (CRTs)

The most common form of display screen is the CRT. A CRT, for cathode-Ray tubes is a vacuum tube used as a display terminal. This same kind of technology is found not only in the screens of desktop computers but also in television sefs and flight-information monitors in airports.

Images are represented on the screen by individual  dots called pixels. A pixel, for “picture element”, is the smallest unit on the screen that can be turned on and off or made different shades. A stream of bits defining the image is sent from the computer to the CRT's electrongun, where the coater with phosphor, it lights up selected pixels to generate an image on the screen.

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Texts 3-4

Text 3. Asynchronous Communication

Asynchronous communication is used for the transmission of non-time sensitive data. 

The term “asynchronous” means that the bits in the serial data stream are not locked to a specific clock that guides the timing of bits between the sending and receiving devices, as in “synchronous” communication. 

Instead, asynchronous communication relies on start and stop bits that bracket the characters. These bits are used to assist the receiving device in determining where each character in the data stream of ones and zeros begins and ends.   This makes the asynchronous method of serial data transmission ideal for terminal-to-host connections, where characters are generated at irregular intervals from a keyboard. 

Asynchronous communication is a simple, economical way to connect to a wide variety of systems and services, especially when the end device may be different with every connection attempt. This form of communication is commonly used for applications that are not real-time in nature, such as email or requesting Web pages. Any communication that is not time sensitive is considered asynchronous. Synchronous communication, on the other hand, is used for real-time applications. It relies on precise timing from a clock source, rather than start and stop bits, to make sense of the data stream.

                                    Text 4. Radio and television

Digital television standards and their adoption worldwide.

In a broadcast system, the central high-powered broadcast tower transmits a high-frequency electromagnetic wave to numerous low-powered receivers. The high-frequency wave sent by the tower is modulated with a signal containing visual or audio information. The receiver is then tuned so as to pick up the high-frequency wave and a demodulator is used to retrieve the signal containing the visual or audio information. The broadcast signal can be either analog (signal is varied continuously with respect to the information) or digital (information is encoded as a set of discrete values). 

The broadcast media industry is at a critical turning point in its development, with many countries moving from analog to digital broadcasts. This move is made possible by the production of cheaper, faster and more capable integrated circuits. The chief advantage of digital broadcasts is that they prevent a number of complaints common to traditional analog broadcasts.

 

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Texts 1-2

Text 1. Microcomputer operating systems

An operating system is a group of computer programs. It helps to manage the computer. It is resources and acts as an interface between the computer and application programs. The major operating systems for microcomputers are MS-DOS, PC-DOS, The Macintosh system, UNIX and OS/2.

DOS runs on the IBM family of computers using Intel microprocessors. It is a character – based system and quires the entry of commands on a command line.

The windows operating environment provides a graphical user interface GUI lets users select from ions. These icons show the available choices. Windows also provides multitasking, allowing several application programs to run simultaneously.

The Macintosh system runs on the Motorola 68000 line of processors. It provides multitasking and a graphical environment. You can not access the operating system without the graphical environment.

UNIX allows simultaneous programs to be shared by several users at onе time. Its networking capabilities allow to share files over networks with several different kinds of equipment.

OS/2 can run application programs written for DOS and it provides a graphical environment its multitasking ability allows to run several large programs simultaneously.

Text 2. Sound-Output Devices

Sound-output devices produce sounds digitized sounds, ranging from and chirps to music. All these sounds are nonverbal. PC owners can customize their machines to greet each new program with the sounds of breaking glass or to moo like a cow every hour. Or they can make their computers issue the distinctive sounds available (from the book-disk combination Cool Mac Sounds) under the titles “Arrgh!!!” or “B-Movie Scream.” Or they can down-load sound files from the Internet and save them to disk, insert them in documents, and ply them. To exercise these possibilities, you need both the necessary software and sound card plugs into an expansion slot in your computer; on newer computers, it is integrated with the motherboard.

A sound card is also required in making computerized music. Most microcomputers come with sound speakers, although these speakers often have a rather tinny quality. For good sound, you need to connect external amplified speakers.

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