Unit 2. COMPUTER
COMPONENTS.
Hardware
Lesson 1.LISTENING (U2)
1.The
woman replaces the disk drive. ___
2.The
woman disconnects the power supply first. ___
3.The
hard drive connects to the motherboard. ___
Task 3. Match the words
with the definitions.
1. Employment a. __a person who is authorized for the sale
of property
2. Estate
agent b.
__residential region around a major city
3. Accommodation
c.
__provided with equipment, to furnish
4. Suburb d.
__occupation, the state of being
employment
5. Equipped e.
__a dwelling, a place of temporary lodging
Task 4. Look at the questions below and match the phrases from the task 7 from the
recording to the appropriate
questions:
a)Any
particular area?
b) What about employment? c) Suppose you'll be looking for somewhere with
...
Now listen to
the audio file and complete the sentences.
You will
hear a man, Martin Hill, …………..an Estate Agent in order to find some
accommodation.
First
you have ……….. to look at questions 1 to 3.
You will see
that there is an example which has been …………... On this occasion only, the
conversation relating to this will be played first.
Martin wants to
rent a flat. So “B” has been circled as the answer.
Now we
shall begin. You should answer the questions as you listen because you will not
hear …….a second time. Listen carefully and answer questions 1 to 3.
Task 5.Listen
again and choose the correct letter A, B or C.
Example: Martin
wants to
a.sell a flat. b.rent
a flat. c.buy a flat.
1.What is Martin’s occupation?
a.He works in a
car factory. b.He works in a bank.
c.He is a
college student.
2.The friends would prefer
somewhere with
a.four bedrooms. b.three bedrooms. c.two bathrooms.
3.Phil would rather live in
a.the east
suburbs. b.the city center. c.the west suburbs.
Task6. Table completion
1.
Look
at the table. What is the meaning of the symbols.
2.
Which
question/s from the table will probably need
a)
a number b) a place) a type of room d) a description of a problem?
Lesson 2. SPEAKING (U2)
Task 1. Speaking
topic II.
What do you do?
Why did you choose this job/this
subject?
What job would you like to do in
the future?Why?
What skills do you need for the
job in that workplace?
1) Let’s talk about free time
now.
What do you enjoy doing in your free time?
Do you think you get enough free time? Why/Why not?
How important is it to use your free time usefully?
How do free-time activities help for choice of
profession?
Answers:
1.Because I always seem to have some work I still
need to do.
2.Like visiting friends for a chat, or going to see
a movie, for instance...
3.I think we need to really make it count.
Otherwise we just waste it- watching TV and stuff.
2) Let’s talk on topic:
Describe a part of the world you would like to
visit.
You should say:Where it is
How and what you know about it
What you would like to do there
Explain why you would like to visit this part of
the world.
Answers:
1.I first heard about it when.....
2.I’m not sure where it is exactly, but I think
it’s .....
3.The region I’d really love to get the chance to
visit is ....
4.I don’t know that much about it, but it’s
supposed to have .....
5.I suppose the main reason I’d like to go there is
......
6.If manage to go there, I’d really like to explore
..... and perhaps I could ......
Task 2. Match two columns
1.CPU ___ a. Primary storage medium
2.Hard disc ___ b. Interfaces for additional components
3.ROM ___ c. The brain of the computer
4.Ports ___ d. Interfaces the HD
5.IDE ___ e. Filmware
Task 3. Translate
the following words into Mongolian to understand the topic “Hardware” and
explain using their definition and your glossary.
Graphics card . . . . . . . . . .
CMOS . . . . . . . . . .
SPU . . . . . . . . . .
Fan . . . . . . . . . .
Hard disc . . . . . . . . . .
Motherboard . . . . . . . . . .
Port . . . . . . . . . .
Power supply . . . . . . . . . .
RAM . . . . . . . . . .
Sound card . . . . . . . . . .
ROM . . . . . . . . . .
BIOS . . . . . . . . . .
AGP . . . . . . . . . .
Real-time clock . . . . . . . . . .
Task 4. Watch the video, remember as much as you can and paraphrase
sentences.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRmPTbGBqVI
Task 5. Answer the questions
1.What computer
components can you name?
2. What
component of a computer converts image data?
3. What acts as an internal
battery?
4. What cools the internal
components?
5. What
allows quick access?
6. What is used to record and play
sound?
7. What component stores
information?
Task 6. Retell and
paraphrase the content of the video in your own words.
Task 7. Team dictation
of new vocabulary.
Teacher
divides students into 6 teams of 4 members. The student-team leader, dictates others
10-15 words for translating. Members exchange their dictation for checking.
Lesson 3. READING (U2)
Task 1.Talk about these questions
-What
components make
up adesktop computer? What
is hardwarefor?
-What do you call a person who
repairs computers?
Task 2. Read the
passage.
“Assembly instructions”
Step #1. First,
gather your parts. These include a motherboard, power supply, case,
processor, heat sink, fan, RAM, expansion
cards, hard drive, and disk drive.
Step #2. Next,
attach the motherboard to the case. Then, connect the processor to
the motherboard’s primary socket.
Step #3. Attach
the heat sink and cooling fan to the processor.
Step #4. Insert
the RAM card into an open memory slot. Put any expansion cards
into the expansion slots.
Step #5. Connect
your hard drive to the motherboard and power supply.
Step #6. Close
the case and connect the power supply.
Task 3. Choose
the correct answer.
1. What is the guide mostly
about?
a. putting
together a computer b. problems
with computer parts
c. uses of
expansion cards d.
repairinga broken computer
2. When should the hard drive be
installed?
a. step #1 b. step #3 c. step #5 d.
step #6
3. According to the guide, what
is NOT an assembly step?
a. collecting
parts b. opening the
case
c. connecting
the drives d. installing the RAM
card
Task 4. Match
the words (1-6)with the definitions (A-F)
1.heat
sink a.__ a slotted board with circuits and
ports
2.RAM b.__ a short term, quick memory source
3.expansion
card c.__ a part used to cool the processor
4.processor d.__ a part used to store large amounts of data
5.hard
drive e.__ a part used to increase a computer’s functions
6.motherboard f.
__a part that completes tasks for the computer
Task 5.Write a
word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part.
1. Spinning blades keep the
computer from overheating. _ _ _
2. The electrical source
directs power throughout the computer.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3. Joey purchaced a protective
bag for his computer. _ _ _ _
4. Can the coded disc reader
play DVDs? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Task 6.Make the correct words
1. a s s t u = . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. e i t r e r
g = . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. a
f m a u e r r t c n u = . . . . . . . 7. a l p i n t c a i p o = . . . . . .
3. o
r r g s s e p = . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. e c m t r p o
u = .. . . . . . . . .
4. r
p a m g r o = . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. d r d s s e
a =. . . . . . . . . . .
5. o
t g e a s r = . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 10. r i c c t i
u = . . . . . . . . . . . .
Task 7.Choose the right preposition
a)to; in; into; at; off; on b)in; of; by; with; to; into
1.be divided ___________ 7.refer ___________
2.depend ___________ 8.be
classified ___________
3.be recharged ___________ 9.keep up ___________
4.be equivalent___________ 10.be
composed___________
5.be turned ___________ 11.be
stored ___________
6.be contained
___________ 12.be
understood__________
Task 8.Read the classification and prepare to talk about
hardware functions.
Then
translate the text into Mongolian and remember the definitions of storage
units.
“Hardware”
The
functions of the hardware composing a computer can be divided broadly into the
following five categories:Input; Storage; Operation; Control and Output.
The
following are the units that
implement the above-mentioned functions:
· Input unit: This unit inputs the data and programs for computer
processing. It is equivalent to the human eyes and ears.
· Storage unit: This unit stores the input data and programs. It is
equivalent to the memory section of the human brain.
· Arithmetic unit: This unit conducts calculation and decision on the
stored data according to the instructions of the program. It is equivalent to
the thinking section of the human brain.
· Control unit: This unit controls the input unit, storage unit,
arithmetic unit and the output unit. It is equivalent to the human central
nervous system.
· Output unit: This unit outputs the results of computer processing
in a format that can be understood by humans. It is equivalent to the human
hands and mouth.
These
five units are called the "computer five main units".
Since
the control unit and the arithmetic unit are handled as one
unit, they are called the processor (processing
unit) or central
processing unit (CPU). The general term "peripheral devices" is used to refer to the input unit, the output unit
and the auxiliary storage devices that are outside the processor and exchange
data with the main storage unit.
Likewise,
the storage units are divided into
main storage unit and auxiliary
storage device, depending on their functions.
(1)
RAM (Random
Access Memory)
The RAM is semiconductor
memory in which data writing and reading is possible. When the computer is
turned off, the stored data is lost. This property is called volatility. Since most main storage units are composed of RAMs,
the processor can be made to read and write information from the main storage
unit at random by specifying the address.
RAMs are
classified into DRAMs and SRAMs.
1)DRAM
(Dynamic RAM)
A
DRAM represents
bits, and stores information depending on whether the part called capacitor is
being charged (status "1") or is not being charged (status
"0").
Since the circuits are simple and
small, RAMs of large capacity can be created at low cost. However, since the
charge stored in the capacitor is lost after a lapse of time, the memory needs
to be rewritten (recharged) at regular intervals. This operation is called
refreshing. Once, DRAMs were used in the main storage unit, but
currently they are also used in storage units, etc., contained in the
input/output units of printers and other devices.
2)SDRAM
(Synchronous DRAM)
Due
to the progress of IC technology, and the consequent substantial improvement of
the performance of processors, the operating speed of the DRAMs that composed
the storage unit could not keep up with the operating speed of the processors.
For that reason, an external clock signal that indicates the processor
operation timing is now set in the DRAM and through synchronization with this
signal, complicated address specifications are reduced and simplified, enabling
the development of DRAMs that operate at high speeds. These types of DRAMs are
called synchronous DRAMs (SDRAM).
3)SRAM (Static
RAM)
SRAMs are created
with a circuit called the flip-flop. The flip-flop settles the output according to the
previous input and the current input, and can preserve the status "1"
and "0" inside the circuit. Since data is not lost unless the
computer is turned off, memory refreshing is not necessary. However, since SRAM
circuits are complicated, the memory capacity is smaller than that of DRAMs and
the cost is higher. However, since its processing speed is high, it is used in
devices such as the registers contained in main storage units and processors.
(2)
ROM (Read
Only Memory)
The
ROM is
semiconductor memory for read use only. Since programs and data are stored in
the ROM from the beginning, the stored information is not lost even if the
computer is turned off. This property is called nonvolatility.
ROMs are classified into mask ROMs
and user programmable ROMs.
1)Mask ROM
Since
programs and data are already written in the Mask ROM before it is
shipped by the manufacturer, the user cannot add any programs or data. Mask
ROMs are used in the memories of game cassettes and IPL (Initial Program
Loader), a program used to start the computer, etc.
2)User
programmable ROM
The
user programmable ROM is a type of
ROM, but since at the time it is shipped by the manufacturer it has nothing
stored in it, the user can write data into it once. The following types of user
programmable ROM exist
· PROM (Programmable
ROM): Once data has been written, it cannot be erased.
· EPROM (Erasable
PROM): It can be erased with ultraviolet light and rewritten.
· EEPROM (Electrically
Erasable PROM): It can be erased through the application of electrical voltage
and rewritten.
EEPROM
is used in a storage medium called flash
memory, which is used in the registration of image data of
digital cameras, etc. Likewise, it is also used in the storage section of IC
cards, etc.
Task9.Let’s
work on wordsfrom the text.
Find out odd word which doesn’t fit.
1. a) rewrite; b) erase; c) registration;
d) recharge; ____________
2. a) input; b) storage; c) output; d) control; ____________
3. a) card; b) program; c) data; d) information; ___________
4. a) main; b) basic; c)
auxiliary; d) RAM; ____________
5. a) hands; b) brain; c) eyes; d) ears; ____________
6. a) settle; b) create; c) cope; d) user; ____________
7. a) operation; b) section; c) implement; d) function; ____________
8. a) circuit; b) light; c) medium; d) camera; ____________
9. a) SRAM; b) DRAM; c) CPU; d)
EEPROM; ____________
10. a) eyes; b) mouth; c0 ears; d)
eyes; ____________
Task 10.Match the columns to make correct collocations
and tell what they mean.
Check your
understanding.
a) 1. IC __ a.
processing unit
2. central
__ b. devices
3. computer __ c. mentioned
4. above - __ d. technology
5. peripheral __ e. processing
b) 1.
large __ a. access memory
2. human central __ b. unit
3. random __ c.
data
4. main storage __ d. nervous system
5. stored __ e. capacity
c) 1.
regular __ a. unit
2. data __ b. intervals
3. human __ c. memory
4. semiconductor __ d. eyes and ears
5. arithmetic __ e. writing
d) 1.
output
__ a.
hands and mouth
2. auxiliary __ b. unit
3. following __ c. cost
4. human__ d. categories
5. low __ e. storage device
Task 11. Make the
correct sentences.
1. The RAM is semiconductor memory ... a. __it cannot be erased.
2. Once data
has been written on PROM, ... b. __the memory
section of the
human brain.
3. The ROM is semiconductor memory ... c. __with ultraviolet light and
rewritten.
4. EPROM can be erased ... d.
__for read use only.
5. Storage unit is equivalent to... e. __in which data
writing and
reading
is possible.
Task12.Answer
the questions
1. What is the
computer hardware for?
2. What units
implement the functions of the hardware?
3. What units
does the processor consist of?
4. What units do
peripheral devices refer to?
5. What is the
difference between RAM and ROM?
Lesson 4.WRITING (U2)
The language of Cause and Effect
X cause Y / Y is caused by X / X is a (common) cause of Y
X in Y / Y results from X / X leads to Y X makes Y do something / X contributes to Y
X is so… that it can … Y
/ X and so Y
X therefore Y / Thanks to X,Y
the
effect of
X are Y / X is explained by
Y
X is a source of Y /
since X,
Y
Y is (largely) due to X
/ if X, (then) Y
Y is (partly) because (of) X
the
more / less the
X, the more / less the Y
|
Task 1.Complete the text using expressions
from the box below. Use each word or phrase only once.
so much, largely because, the cause of, since,
due to, contributed further to
|
Malaria in England
Malaria
was already common in fifteenth-century England and the growth in international
trade in the sixteenth century 1.…....... the spread this disease.
For
many years it was thought that it was 2.........… ‘bad air’, However, by the late
1800s 3…........ Malaria were becoming clearer, with
the discovery of malaria parasites, and new methods of treatment were
developed.
The
number of imported cases of the disease has recently risen sharply, 4…......… of the growth of global travel.
However, an epidemic of malaria is unlikely to occur in the UK today, 5.......…..
housing and public health conditions have improved 6…........
that the disease could swiftly be brought under control, say specialist.
Task
2.Complete the text below using the
correct forms of the words in brackets.
The
offsets of tourism
The explosion in the tourist industry
can l….……(explain) by more affordable
transport and greater wealth among some of the world’s population. It is true
that tourism sometimes 2………(result)
in an improvement in the standard of living of local people, as well as 3…………. (contribute) to increased
understanding of other cultures.However, many of the 4………….. (effect )
of tourism are negative. Atmospheric pollution5…………… (cause) by air travel, while the building of hotels 6……….. (lead) to shortage of resources
such as water. So tourism sometimes 7…….. (cause) the destruction of the very
places that people want to visit.
Task
3. Underline the language of cause and
effect in each of the sentences below. Then decide if sentences a) and b) have
parallel meanings, or different meanings.
1
a)
Sufficiently low temperatures will make the water droplets freeze,
b) If the temperature is
sufficiently low, the water droplets will freeze.
2
a)
Cultural differences may be a source of misunderstandings.
b) Misunderstandings may lead to
cultural differences.
3
a)
The rougher the surface of the road, the noisier the traffic will be.
b) Traffic noise results from rough
road surfaces.
4
a) This habitat supports many rare species, and so It must be preserved,
b) A large number of rare species live in this habitat and its preservation is therefore necessary.
5 a) Thanks to the
discovery of new applications for aspirin, It Is still
manufactured today
b) The reason why aspirin is still manufactured today is
that new applications have been
discovered.
Task 4.“Essay writing:
Connecting ideas”. Match the questions to the answers.
1.
What are linking words? a. They explain and
develop the topic
sentence
2.
What are supporting sentences? b. They link two parts of a sentence.
3.
What are conjunctions? c. They show relationships between ideas
join 2 or more sentences or clauses.
Task
5.
People use computers when they work, go banking or everywhere, but some argue
that it will make people isolated and decrease their social skills. To what
extend do you agree with this viewpoint? Write at least 250 words.
Introduction____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ParagraphI_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
ParagraphII____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
ParagraphIII____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Conclusion_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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